A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital technology to control appliances at consumers’ homes to save energy, reduce cost and increase reliability and transparency. Such a modernized electricity network is being promoted by many governments as a way...

DOMA Narrative This application is based on a real-time unbalanced distribution power flow for dynamically changing distribution operating conditions. It analyzes the results of the power flow simulations and provides the operator with the summary of this analysis. It further...

Introduction to Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA) Objective: The objective of Advanced Distribution Automation Function is to enhance the reliability of power system service, power quality, and power system efficiency, by automating the following three processes of distribution operation...

Contents Narrative Normal Sequence Steps Steps – Alternative / Exception Sequences Narrative Transmission Automated Control (Baseline) describes a set of functions that are typically automated within a substation, but are not directly associated with protection, fault handling, or equipment m...

Table of Contents Sampling, Sensing, and Control: e.g. PT and CT Sampling, Fault indicator sensing, LTC Raise/Lower controls, and Protection Trip Signal Protection IED Interactions: e.g. interactions among protection IED to determine whether to trip, and which equipment to trip Substation Master...

Power automation requires a complicated and sophisticated architecture. As a result, system integrators and software developers need optimal solutions that can withstand tough conditions. These solutions require powerful controllers with multiple serial ports for legacy device connection. They...